Stainless Steel Jewelry

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Stainless steel jewelry can trace its roots back to the 1970's. This is a time when gold jewelry was still the most dominant kind of jewelry.

It was first introduced by the jewelry professor Mr. Peter Skubic. Tasked as a special jewelry professor at the Cologne Institute of Technology, he went on to introduce Stainless Steel to the jewelry world.

More importantly, he successfully managed to get jewelry lovers to value & appreciate more the aesthetic (appearance) value of stainless steel jewelry more than its material value.

Like many jewelry manufacturers, artist, users, etc... Today, he was partly attracted to the metal's chemistry and the wide range of options it offers to an artist or maker. The most important characteristics being its ability to withstand corrosion, a result of the chromium element present in it.

The chromium content in stainless steel is 10.5 or 11%. Most kinds of steels usually rust or begin to lose their quality once they're exposed to air and moisture. The iron oxide or rust as we commonly know it accelerates this process by forming more rust on the affected steel. In other words, it eats up the steel like a cancer.

However, stainless steel has enough chromium content in it which creates a film of chromium oxide forms which protects its outer layers from rust and prevents it from spreading to its inner layers. The chromium literally acts like an anti-corrosion treatment on the stainless steel.

Mr. Peter Skubic was also fascinated by these characteristics and went on to create great works of art – jewelry pieces out of stainless steel. From then on, the popularity of stainless steel jewelry has been growing rapidly and doesn't seem to be reaching its peak anytime soon.

We all need to thank Mr. Peter Skubic for his amazing creation!

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jewelry sets for bridesmaids |By John Brown on May 15, 2010
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Christmas Jewelry-A Blend Of Enigmatic Elegance And Contemporary Style

diamond bridal sets bridal jewelry sets |diamond cubic zirconia | diamond anniversary bands for women |By Mike Kleinschmidt on February 01, 2011
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They are very much efficient to create a religious atmosphere. They are very much popular. They have a wide variety. They are available in different ranges. So it is not problem for the people to collect Christmas jewelry. Christmas jewelry is much attractive and contains trendy design. They have a lot of latest fashion and the modern designs. They are decorative enough to attract the people. They will fill a positive energy which you need very much in the religious festival. Christmas jewelry is pleasant enough to attract the people very much.

Christmas Jewelry is very much impressive. They have impressive look. They can make you impressed. If you put them in the party it will make you and the people of your surroundings impressed. Christmas jewelry is very much aristocrat and gorgeous. They have a passion and craze into the public. They are colorful and shining much to make attraction and they are enjoyable very much in the festival.

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Christmas Jewelry is gorgeous enough for the purpose of the Christmas festival. It influences the people very much for their ritual gesture. They are very much impressive for the Christmas festival. They have a lot of attraction and craze. People are very much crazy and they have a passion about them. There is a wide variety of the Christmas jewelry. They are available in different shapes and different model such as Christmas cake, Santa clause cap, Christmas tree, watch, light, fruit, leaf, flower, bell, heart, Christmas gift, animal, Christmas locket, Christmas ring, Christmas chain, Christmas earrings, bangles etc.

Christmas Jewelry is very much strong and durable. There are gorgeous metals and colorful stones to make the Christmas jewelry. They are very much impressive among the parties. They are aristocrat enough to attract the people very much. They glitter very much. They are polished with the gorgeous metallic paints. There are gorgeous metals for making the Christmas jewelry. Christmas jewelry is much effective for the party also. They have a lot of impressive look to impress the people very much.

Former Owner Of Fred Leighton Seeks To Reorganize

By Shen Yun on August 06, 2010
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Former Owner of Fred Leighton Seeks to Reorganize
july 9 (Bloomberg) -- Jeweler Ralph O. Esmerian, whose pieces have adorned celebrities and appeared in museums, asked a bankruptcy judge for permission to reorganize his New York-based company.

Esmerian, the former owner of vintage jeweler Fred Leighton,Cartier gold, is fighting an effort by creditors to liquidate R. Esmerian Inc. in U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Manhattan. The jeweler today asked the court to convert that case to a voluntary reorganization under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code's Chapter 11, UK UGG boots online shopwhich is typically used by companies that expect to cut debt and emerge from court protection.

"Its continued operation is critical to maximizing the value of its assets and the recovery to its creditors," Esmerian said in court papers. He also asked U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Robert D. Drain to appoint an examiner to oversee the bankruptcy case.

In May, creditors including Stewardship Credit Arbitrage Fund LLC,Cartier store for womens on sale, Stewardship Credit Arbitrage Fund Ltd. and Northlight Fund LP filed an involuntary Chapter 7 bankruptcy petition against R. Esmerian Inc., claiming they are owed a total of $40 million.

Creditor attorney Sean C. Southard didn't immediately return a call for comment.

Under Chapter 7, the court appoints a trustee who takes over a company and liquidates its assets. When creditors file an involuntary bankruptcy case against a company, the business has the right to challenge the petition.

Previous Bankruptcy

U.S. retailers' sales at stores open at least a year fell 1.6 percent in the year ended Jan. 30, after dropping 1.3 percent a year earlier, according to the International Council of Shopping Centers, a New York-based trade group that tracks more than 30 chains, excluding Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Sales at luxury retailers dropped 9.1 percent and 8.3 percent in those periods, respectively, the ICSC said.

Esmerian previously filed for bankruptcy in April 2008 on behalf of the retail jeweler he owned, Fred Leighton Inc., in an effort to block Merrill Lynch & Co. from auctioning his family's jewels to pay off a $178 million loan. Fred Leighton Holding Inc. liquidated inventory and had its Chapter 11 reorganization plan confirmed in November.

Esmerian no longer owns the company, Merrill attorney Howard R. Hawkins Jr., with the law firm Cadwalader Wickersham & Taft, said in an e-mail.

Fourth Generation

Fred Leighton jewelry has been worn by actress Niaccording to the company's website.

Esmerian, the fourth-generation leader of the family business, became known for selling colored gemstones and rare vintage brooches and necklaces by Cartier and Tiffany & Co. He stocked the shelves at retailers around the U.S., including Neiman Marcus and Van Cleef & Arpels. He's also chairman emeritus of New York's American Folk Art Museum.

The case is In re R. Esmerian Inc., 10-12719, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of New York (Manhattan).

--With assistance from Cotten Timberlake, Tiffany Kary and Philip Boroff in New York. Editors: Andrew Dunn, Mike Hytha.

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The Slum Which Cannot Be Found in Map

By Xu Ying on January 14, 2011
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The taste of Kibera

Morning at 7 o'clock, Kibera's people have hurried to get up early and eat the Ugali (a cheap corn steamed food made in East Africa). Because of the poverty, many people eat only two meals a day, breakfast is the guarantee of a day's work.

In Kibera, only 30% of people are lucky enough who have jobs and can earn 1 to 1.5 U.S. dollars per day. Most people walk a couple of hours to work every day, just want to save 10 shillings of the fares.

Facing the flow of people, going out to Kibera, you can smell the garbage odor and pungent taste of charcoal grilled. Locals told me that this is the taste of Kibera.

Soon, I think you will began to like the taste of charcoal grill, because it can cover the bad smell of pungent odor.

There is 5-meter-wide dirt road winding forward, mud and old plastic bags, rotten vegetables, lay out the rows of rusty metal. By the roadside, you can see the children with visible ribs, Indian dogs, sheep, chickens in the garbage

The children with rags standing at the street and shouted in unison against the visitors "How are you", see the Chinese people, occasionally the kids excitedly shouted "Jackie Chan", and even then may ran to you and give you his dirty hand. Jackie Chan may be is the only Chinese they knew.

The little children and the elderly will sat by the roadside, looking at the rare strangers quietly. In Kibera only few young men stayed at home, most of them had to go out for work, or died of AIDS - it is estimated that HIV infection rates in Kibera up to 20%.

Shops on both sides of main road wearing colored curtain, these curtains are used to anti-mosquito. However the curtain is covered with grease and dust.

Second-hand shoes with mottled colors, deep-fried bread,Cartier LEVE Necklace in Gold Plated With Diamonds Paved, the dirty vegetables, or even just to win 9 of life, illegal brew chang'aa private spirits, can also be found here.

Kibera hasn't got home tap water, every day the most important work for women and children is to carry oil drums to buy water.

There is a long lines in the water station, usually water costs two shillings per barrel, then rose to 20 shillings when the dry season. In Kibera, the water is the only necessities.

The house which is made of dirt, sticks and metal,must Cartier, each is about 15 square meters, the monthly rent is 500 to 1,000 shillings, close to the road is a little expensive.

That is the life of those poor people. Maybe you think that is unbelievable. I have to say that is true fact of Kibera. So we should sent our love to those people and hope them can live a better life.

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What is Foreign Trade And Economic Activity

By Allan GK on July 13, 2010
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Net Exports: Concepts and Trends

Open-economy macroeconomics involves the interactions of trade, output, spending, employment,and price levels among different nations.Foreign trade involves imports and exports. A country's imports are its purchases of goods and services from other nations. Although the United States produces most of what it consumes, it nonetheless has a large quantity of imports, which are goods and services produced abroad and consumed domestically. Exports are goods and services produced domestically and purchased by foreigners. Net exports are defined as exports of goods and services minus imports of goods and services. An important component of trade involves merchandise trade, which is trade in goods like foodstuffs and manufacturing. The U. S. has had a merchandise trade deficit in recent years. When a country has positive net exports, it is accumulating foreign assets. The counterpart of net exports is therefore net foreign investment, which denotes net saving or investment abroad and is approximately equal to the value of net exports.

Once we acknowledge the possibility of exports and imports, we must also recognize that a nation's expenditures may differ from its production. Total domestic expenditures (sometimes called domestic demand) are equal to consumption plus domestic investment plus government purchases. This measure differs from total domestic product (or GDP) for two reasons. First, some part of domestic expenditures will be on goods produced abroad, these items being imports (denoted by 1m) like Mexican oil and Japanese automobiles. In addition,Cartier website shop cheap, some part of America's domestic production will be sold abroad as exports (denoted by Ex) — items like wheat and Boeing aircraft. The difference between national output and domestic expenditures is Ex - Im = net exports = X.
To calculate the total production of American goods and services, we need to include not only domestic demand but also trade, that is, we need to know the total production for American residents as well as the net production for foreigners. This total must include domestic expenditures ( C + I + G) plus sales to foreigners (Ex) less domestic purchases from foreigners (Im). Total output, or GDP, equals consumption plus domestic investment plus government purchases plus net exports: total domestic output = GDP = C + I + G + X

Foreign Exchange Rates

Foreign trade involves the use of different national currencies. The relative price of two currencies is called the foreign exchange rate, which measures the price of 1 unit of domestic currency in terms of foreign currency. The foreign exchange rate is determined in the foreign exchange market, which is the market where different currencies are traded. For example, if the French franc sells at 5 francs to the U. S. dollar, we say that the foreign exchange rate is 5 francs per dollar.

The foreign exchange rate is an important determinant of international trade because it has a large effect on the relative prices of the goods of different countries. To see how the foreign exchange rate affects foreign trade, take wine as an example. The relative prices of U. S. wine and French wine will depend upon the domestic prices of the wines and upon the foreign exchange rate. Say that California Chardonnay wines sell for $6 per bottle, while the equivalent French Chardonnay sells for 40 French francs. Then at the 1984 exchange rate of 10 French francs to the dollar, French wine sells at $4 per bottle while California wine sells at $6, giving an advantage to the imported variety.

Say that by 1996 the foreign exchange rate of the dollar fell (or depreciated) to 5 francs. Then with unchanged domestic prices, the French wine would sell for $8 as compared to $6 for the California wine. Note that when the dollar was expensive,Cartier cufflinks online, in 1984, French wine sold for only two-thirds the price of the California variety, while the fall in the value of the dollar over the next decade left French wine selling at a one-third premium over California wines. The fall in the exchange rate on the dollar had the effect of making imports less "competitive" by turning relative prices against imports and in favor of domestic products. If the dollar's price had risen (or appreciated), relative prices would have moved in favor of imports and against domestic production.
Foreign trade involves a new factor — a nation's exchange rate, or the price of the nation's currency relative to other currencies. When a nation's exchange rate rises or "appreciates", the prices of imported goods fall while exports become more expensive in world markets. The result is that the nation becomes less competitive in world markets and its net exports decline. Changes in exchange rates can have major effects on output, employment, and inflation. All these impacts make the exchange rate increasingly important for all nations.

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